Here are some research papers and articles related to such kind of applications:

“Blood donation and Life saver-blood donation app” by Hamlin and Mayan [1] discusses the development of a mobile application called Life Saver, which aims to encourage blood donation by making the process more accessible and convenient. The app allows users to register as blood donors, find nearby blood donation centers, and receive notifications when their blood type is in high demand.

“BDonor: A Geo-localized Blood Donor Management System Using Mobile Crowdsourcing” by Das et al. [2] presents BDonor, a geo-localized blood donor management system that uses mobile crowd-sourcing to connect blood donors with patients in need of blood. The authors highlight the importance of blood donation and the challenges associated with traditional methods of blood donor management, such as low blood stock, limited accessibility, and lack of awareness. BDonor addresses these issues by using mobile crowdsourcing to identify potential blood donors and connect them with patients in need of blood in their geographic vicinity.

“Foodernity: A Mobile and Web Application for Food Sharing” by Morilla et al. [3] presents “Foodernity”, a mobile and web application designed to promote food sharing among individuals and organizations. The app aims to reduce food waste and hunger by connecting food donors with beneficiaries. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of the app's features, including user registration, donation posting, donation claiming, and user feedback.

The paper “Aahar-Food Donation App” by Mathur et al. [4] describes the development of a mobile application that enables users to donate excess food to NGOs and charitable organizations. The authors highlight the issue of food wastage and the need to reduce it by making use of technology to connect donors and recipients.

The research work “SeVa: A Food Donation App for Smart Living” by Varghese et al. [6] presents a mobile application called SeVa (Serve and Value) that aims to reduce food waste and promote food donation. The app is designed to connect individuals or organizations that have surplus food with those in need.

The paper “Blood Donation and Life Saver-Blood Donation App” by M R Anish Hamlin and Albert Mayan J [1]. discusses the development of a mobile application called “Life Saver” that is designed to help increase blood donations in India. The authors note that there is a shortage of blood in India and that many people are unaware of the importance of donating blood. The app is intended to raise awareness of the need for blood donations and to make it easier for people to donate.

The paper by Ali et al. [7] introduces a Blood Donation Management System aimed at enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of blood donation processes. The system encompasses various features including donor regis tration, blood type tracking, inventory management, and appointment scheduling, all designed to streamline blood donation activities. By providing a centralized platform for donors, recipients, and healthcare professionals to interact and coordinate, the system aims to improve the overall management of blood donation activities, ensuring timely access to safe and compatible blood units while minimizing wastage.

The paper by Almeida and Cunha [8] presents a digital donation platform designed for nonprofit and charity organizations, aiming to enhance their outreach and fundraising efforts. The platform leverages information communication technologies to facilitate seamless and secure online donations, fostering engagement and support from a wider audience.

The paper by Singh and Sharma [9] presents the development of an Android application aimed at facilitating book donation. The paper outlines the implemen tation of the application, which likely involves features for users to easily donate books and connect with potential recipients. The technology's potential benefits for promoting book sharing and improving access to educational resources are discussed.

The paper “G-GET: All in One Donation App” by Ranjani et al. [10] presents G-GET, a comprehensive donation application to streamline the donation process by providing a centralized platform for users to contribute to various charitable causes. Through an intuitive interface, G-GET facilitates convenient donations to multiple organizations, enhancing user engagement and promoting social impact. The app's potential implications for increasing charitable giving and its role in leveraging computational science and technology are explored.

The paper “Order n Eat” [11] by Sivakumar et al. presents an Android app developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing Firebase as its backend. The app aims to facilitate food ordering and delivery services, catering to the increased demand for contactless transactions during the pandemic.

In addition to the above academic articles, the following is an elaboration on several of the existing donation platforms that we surveyed before proposing our new platform, the summary of the existing donation applications is provided in Table 1.

Users will create an account with their details, such as name, email, and phone number.

Users will select the category of donation they wish to make, such as food, clothes, blood, or other items.

Users will create a donation request, providing details about the items they wish to donate, such as quantity, type, and condition.

The app will suggest nearby organizations or individuals who require the specific items being donated.

Users will be able to connect with the suggested beneficiaries through the app and arrange for the donation to be picked up or dropped off at a convenient location.

Users will be able to track the status of their donations, from creation to delivery, through the app.

Fig. (1). Workflow diagram.

After the donation is made, users and beneficiaries will be able to rate and review each other based on their experience, to help build trust and accountability within the system.

Users will have access to their donation history, including details of all donations made through the app.

We elucidate the framework of our DONAPP, which integrates various HCI principles [12]. Effective interaction design necessitates addressing the specific needs and considerations of the targeted users [13]. Consequently, our app design encompasses the following stages:

The implementation of the DONAPP utilizes the Android Platform [14] for several reasons: Firstly, Android Studio offers a range of innovative and user-friendly features that facilitate development. Secondly, we intend to distribute the app via the Android marketplace through Google, which offers a straightforward process for individual developers. The front-end design and functionalities of the app are coded using Android, while the backend is developed using Java. Data entered by users and the insights derived from it are stored in Firebase, serving as the app's knowledge base (KB).

The app is divided into two modules: Donor and Receiver. Both the donor and receivers’ registers on the application provide the necessary information (Fig. 2). The donor section is again divided into four sections based on the item to donate i.e., food, clothes, stationery and blood.

Fig. (2). Signup.

Fig. (3). Donor signup.

After signup there is a form for proper data to be recorded from the donor/receiver to match the requirements (Fig. 3). The navbar of dashboards of the donor and receiver contains features of chat, notification, history, and profile of the user.

The donor’s side: The donor is provided with 4 categories to choose from namely food, clothes, blood and stationery (Fig. 4). When the option of food is chosen, the user is again given two options to choose from. One is for human edibles and the other one is for animal/pet edibles. Depending on the option chosen by the user some questions regarding the type of food, its expiration date, quantity, pictures, etc. are being asked to get relevant information about the food to be donated. The user is asked to choose the type of organization to which he wants to donate i.e., NGO, Orphanage, shelter home, or old age home (Fig. 5).

After selection, the list of organizations based on factors such as distance, availability, past donation acceptance record, and the quality needed are suggested to the user, the user chooses one of the organizations to donate to and makes a donation request by clicking on the donate button. If there is no organization of the selected category in his locality then a ‘not available’ message is displayed, the user then can select a different category to donate. Once the request has been created the nearby organizations present in the list are also made aware of the request apart from the organization selected by the user. Once the donation request is accepted by the organization, the donation request gets closed for other organizations. If the organization selected by the user refuses to accept the donation, then other organizations present in the list get an option to accept or reject the donation the preference is given based on the distance and quantity required by the organization taking the past donation history as a constraint. Once the donation request is approved, there is a chat feature in the donor section, where the Ngo’s contact (who accepted the donation) gets added to the contact list for communication.

Once the donation has been received by the organization and the organization confirms the transaction, in the donor dashboard the name and date of donation are added in the donation history section (Fig. 6). The donor cannot donate to the same organization more than two times in 15 days. This constraint is added so that the same organization does not receive donations all the time, leading other organizations to starvation. If the user selects the clothes option, then the user is asked to select the type of clothing he is willing to donate, i.e. summer clothing or winter clothing. Based on the option chosen the user is asked to give further details of clothing such as the age group of clothes, pictures of clothes, and quantity to donate (Fig. 5).

The organization-choosing process is the same as that in the food section with the difference that if there is no organization in the selected category then the organization within 18 km of the range is displayed to the user in the list. If still in 18 km there is no organization of selected category, then the message not available is displayed, the rest all the process is the same as that in food donation.

Likewise, the stationery option works in the same fashion as that of clothes. If the user wants to donate blood, then the user's scanned medical records are to be submitted in the application along with some contact details, age, blood group, and residential details. The data and medical records submitted by users are displayed to the hospitals in urgent need of blood. Apart from the urgent requirement by hospitals in case of emergency, users can donate blood to nearby blood banks suggested to them in the app. Whenever an emergency is created by nearby hospitals, the notification of the required blood type and hospital name is displayed to all nearby users. Once a user confirms to donate blood and donates it, the request is closed on both sides and the record is maintained in the user account as well as in the hospital or blood bank dashboard.

The receiver side: Let us see the app from the organization’s view. While signup organization details like its location, type, and type of acceptable donation, its contact information is taken (Fig. 7). When any organization says NGO signs up with an app, there will be two courses of action, one will be where he can see the donor's request for a donation and the other will be where he can create a request for the need of donation by providing its requirement and time limit.

Fig. (4). Donor homepage.

Fig. (5). Donate clothes.

Fig. (6). Donar history.

All the data provided is stored in the database to do the filtering and match the needs generated by an organization with that of users. If the organization receives the notification that a user wants to donate then he has the option to reject or accept it, else if the organization name was displayed in the list to the user while creating a donation request the organization will receive the donation request but will be in waiting where the accepted donation button will be disabled (Fig. 8). If the organization selected by the user denies the request, then the accepted donation button will be enabled according to the preference.

The organization can also create a request for need. For doing so he will be given the same options of categories as donors i.e., blood, food, clothes, and stationery. While creating the food acceptance request the organization is bound to provide the details like food required is for pets or humans, that it will have to give details like at maximum for how many days he can accept the food, and what type of food is required or is willing to accept.

The request generated will be put to be displayed to all the donors who are near the NGO as well as the name will be suggested in the list where the donors choose the organization for donation if the criteria of the donor and organization match. The Ngo dashboard has a section where the list of all the donors who want to donate with the specification of items is displayed. The NGO can accept donations according to their need. The donor whose donation is accepted receives a message of “donation accepted” from the organization and the rest all the donors get the notification of “not accepted” for the same category (Fig. 9). The receiver/organization cannot accept more than two donations in 15 days. There is a chat feature available for organizations to chat with their respective donors.

Fig. (7). Receiver signup.

Fig. (8). Recipient/receiver page.

Fig. (9). Receiver history.